As people grow older, their ability to learn new languages tends to change. Research has shown that children are naturally better at picking up languages compared to adults. The brain of a child is more adaptable and capable of absorbing new sounds, structures, and vocabulary with ease. This is often due to a phenomenon called the "critical period," a time during early development when the brain is particularly receptive to language input. Children can easily mimic pronunciation and intuitively grasp grammatical rules without formal instruction.

However, as people age, their brains become less flexible. Adults may find it harder to learn new sounds and often struggle with pronunciation, as their speech organs are more developed and accustomed to the sounds of their native language. Older learners also face challenges in mastering the nuances of grammar and syntax, which may seem illogical or arbitrary compared to their first language. This can make learning a new language feel like a much slower process.

Despite these challenges, age does not entirely limit the ability to learn a language. Adults often have advantages in language learning that children do not possess. For instance, adults tend to have more life experience and cognitive skills such as problem-solving and critical thinking. These skills can help with understanding complex language rules and overcoming learning obstacles. Adults can also draw from their knowledge of their first language, which can make it easier to understand similarities between languages or recognize word patterns.

While the brain's plasticity decreases with age, it is still possible to learn a new language as an adult. The process may take longer, but with consistent practice and motivation, adults can achieve fluency in a new language. It’s important to remember that the learning environment plays a critical role in language acquisition. Adults who immerse themselves in the language, practice regularly, and engage in real-world conversations can still become proficient speakers, even if their progress is slower than a child's.